NEWS & BLOGS EXCLUCIVELY FOR INFORMATION TO ENGINEERS & VALUERS COMMUNITY
CONCEPT OF REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE (RCC) AND ITS GRADING Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) is a composite material made up of cement, coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, water, and reinforcement. The combination of cement and water forms a paste that coats the surface of the aggregates and binds them together to form a solid mass. Reinforcement, typically […]
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INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL BUILDING CODE The National Building Code (NBC) is a set of regulations and standards established by the government of a country to ensure the safety, health, and welfare of the public when it comes to the design, construction, and occupancy of buildings. The purpose of the code is to provide a uniform
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PURPOSE OF CHAIN SURVEYING AND PRINCIPLES OF CHAIN SURVEYING Chain surveying is a type of land surveying method that is used to measure and map the boundaries, features, and contours of a piece of land. In this method, a measuring chain or tape is used to measure the distances between points on the land surface.
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BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TYPES OF SURVEYING Surveying is the process of measuring and mapping the physical characteristics of land, buildings, or other features on the Earth’s surface. There are several basic principles and types of surveying, including: Principle of accuracy: Surveying requires high levels of accuracy to ensure reliable and precise measurements. Principle of precision:
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SCALES & ITS USE IN THE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING In architecture, scales are used to accurately represent the size of buildings, structures, and objects on paper or other two-dimensional mediums. A scale is a ratio that relates the size of an object in real life to its representation on paper or other media. For example, a
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DRAFTING TECHNIQUES, PRINCIPLES OF GOOD DRAFTING Drafting refers to the process of creating a written document, such as a legal contract, memorandum, or report. The following are some drafting techniques and principles of good drafting: Clarity: Good drafting requires clear and concise language. Avoid using complex words or jargon that may confuse the reader. Instead,
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BURDEN OF PROOF UNDER INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 defines and regulates the concept of burden of proof in India. Here are the key provisions related to burden of proof under the Indian Evidence Act: Section 101: Burden of proof – This section states that whoever desires the court to give a
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PRESUMPTIONS AND CONCLUSIVE PROOF Presumptions and conclusive proof are related legal concepts that help to determine the burden of proof in legal proceedings. Here is an explanation of each term: Presumptions: A presumption is a legal assumption that a fact exists or is true, based on certain evidence or circumstances. Presumptions can be either rebuttable
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BURDEN OF PROOF The burden of proof is a legal and philosophical concept that refers to the obligation of a party making a claim to provide evidence in support of that claim. It is the responsibility of the person making an assertion to provide evidence or argument to support their claim. The burden of proof
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TORT Tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or injury to another person or their property, for which a legal remedy is available. It is a type of legal action that allows an individual who has suffered harm or injury due to the wrongful conduct of another person or entity to
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CONCEPT OF STRESS AND STRAIN Stress is a measure of the internal forces within a material that result from external forces applied to it. It is defined as the force per unit area that a material experiences when it is subjected to an external force. Stress is typically expressed in units of Pascals (Pa) or
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PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) is a technology used for measuring the distance between two points using electromagnetic waves. The basic principle of EDM involves the transmission of an electromagnetic signal from a transmitter to a reflector placed at the target point, and then the reception of the reflected signal by
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