CONCEPT OF COLLUSIVE AND NON-COLLUSIVE OLIGOPOLY

COLLUSIVE OLIGOPOLY

A collusive Oligopoly is a market in which firms cooperate with each other in determining the price. Further, they follow a common price policy and do not compete with each other. In other words, it is a form of market in which there are few firms in the market and all decide to avoid competition through a formal agreement. Thus, They collude to form a cartel. In this, the Price and output of the member firms are fixed as a collective/ cooperative decision. Sometimes, A leading firm in the market is accepted by the cartel as a price leader. Members of the cartel accept the price policy as specified by the price leader. It is also known as a Cooperative oligopoly.

Non-Collusive Oligopoly

A non-Collusive Oligopoly is a market in which the firms act independently. They compete with each other and determine independently the price of their products. In other words, it is a market in which there are few firms in the market. Each firm pursues its own price and output policy independent of the rival firms. Thus, every firm tries to increase its market share through competition. Here, competition refers to collusion as a means of profit maximization. Because, there are only a few big firms in the market, there is cut-throat competition. Therefore, in this market, aggressive advertisement develops through brand loyalty. Also, it can be known as a Non-cooperative oligopoly.

Difference between Collusive and Non Collusive Oligopoly:

Basis of Difference	Collusive Oligopoly	Non Collusive Oligopoly
Meaning	It refers to a form of market in which sellers eliminate the competition through a formal agreement.	It refers to a form of market in which each firm has its own price and output policy independent of rival firms.
Collusion	Here, the few sellers collude to cartels to avoid competition.	Here, competition is preferred to collusion as a means of profit maximization.
Price and output decisions	In this market, the price and output decisions of a cartel are mutual.	In this market, each firm has its own price and output decisions.
Interdependency	Here, the firms’ decisions are interdependent of each other.	In this, the firms’ decisions are independent of rival firms in the market.
Competition	There is no competition in th market due to collusion.	Here, there is cut-throat competition among the firms.
Selling costs	There is no need to incur expenditure to create brand loyalty.	Under this, aggressive advertisement develops brand loyalty.
Also known as	This market is also known as Cooperative Oligopoly.	This market is also known as a Non-Cooperative Oligopoly.
Creation of Monopoly	This market is like a monopoly as cartels have full control over the price and can earn monopoly profits.	There is no such market formation under this market.