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DUTIES AND ROLE OF ARCHITECTS IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Architects in construction play an important role and they are responsible for the visual appearance of the buildings and structures before the final structural design. An architect is a person appointed by the client, who develops a facility as per the design concept and the requirements specified […]
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MEANING OF GREEN BELT LAND AND ITS ADVANTAGES It is the estimated value of green belt land by assessing its output. These outputs are valued in social terms by the application of welfare economics Green Belt development regulations in India The green belt areas refer to those areas where there are planned open spaces, where
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CONCEPT OF COLLUSIVE AND NON-COLLUSIVE OLIGOPOLY COLLUSIVE OLIGOPOLY A collusive Oligopoly is a market in which firms cooperate with each other in determining the price. Further, they follow a common price policy and do not compete with each other. In other words, it is a form of market in which there are few firms in
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AVERAGE FIXED COST, AVERAGE VARIABLE COST AND AVERAGE TOTAL COST Average Fixed Costs (AFC): Average fixed cost refers to the per unit fixed cost of production. It is calculated by dividing TFC by total output i.e., AFC=TFC/Q where, AFC = Average Fixed Cost TFC = Total Fixed Cost Q = Quantity of output. Average Variable
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IMPORTANCE AND MEANING OF CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM The term equilibrium defines a state of rest from where there is no tendency to change anything. A consumer is observed to be in the state of equilibrium when he/she does not aspire to change his/her level of consumption i.e. when he/she attains maximum satisfaction. Therefore, consumer equilibrium refers
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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SUNDRY DEBTORS AND SUNDRY CREDITORS Sundry Debtors Debtors or ‘receivables’ are customers who owe funds to the company. They have purchased goods on credit and, payments are yet to be made by them. Sundry debtors, also known as ‘sundry receivables’ refer to a company’s customers who rarely make purchases on credit and the
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INFORMATION ON CONTRACTS & JOINT VENTURES USEFUL FOR EXAMINATION PURPOSES COMPILED BY VR VAIBHAV BANSAL CONTRACT A contract defined under Section-2(h) of The Contract Act, 1872(hereinafter referred to as “the act”) means “any agreement which is enforceable by law”. Contracts can be written by using formal or informal terms or could be entirely verbal or
VALUE OF LESSOR’S INTEREST Value of Lessor’s interest in land would comprise of following three parts based on rights held by Lessor as per lease terms. The capitalized value of lease rent receivable from the Lessee under a lease contract, for the unexpired period of the lease. Present value of the right of reversion of
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Yield refers to the earnings generated and realized on an investment over a particular period of time, and is expressed in terms of percentage based on the invested amount. Yield includes the interest earned or dividends received from holding a particular security. Depending on the valuation (fixed vs. fluctuating) of the security, yields may be
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In the evaluation of investment projects the discounted cash flow method can provide a useful means of testing financial feasibility. The discount rate will generally be the minimum rate of return required by the investor over the period of the cash flow. If the total of the discounted cash flow over the period is zero
Book value Method In Book Value Method, historic cost of the asset in the year of acquisition is taken as basis and with the help of cost index figures (Multiplying factors for different years, indicating price rise in the market due to inflation and other factors like variation in cost of materials and labour), replacement
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Physical depreciation This is very common. The physical depreciation occurs due to usage of the asset. It is the normal wear and tear of the asset. All similar objects do not observe similar depreciation. Quantum of this depreciation depends on several factors. Manner of usage Environmental aspect Natural forces aspects Accidental Aspects Economic obsolescence: These
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