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Book value Method In Book Value Method, historic cost of the asset in the year of acquisition is taken as basis and with the help of cost index figures (Multiplying factors for different years, indicating price rise in the market due to inflation and other factors like variation in cost of materials and labour), replacement […]
TYPES OF ESTIMATING COST OF CONSTRUCTION Read More »
WHAT PM MODI SAID ON NEW CHANGES IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE The Prime Minister elaborated the holistic approach, a hallmark of thinking in every sphere of today’s governance, in disaster management. Today disaster management is part of Civil Engineering And Architecture Courses and there is a Dam Safety law now.
WHAT PM MODI SAID ON EDUCATION SYSTEM OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE Read More »
Reinforced concrete is a combination of traditional cement concrete with reinforcements (steel bar). This combination is made to utilize the compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of steel simultaneously. In reinforced concrete, the components work together to resist many types of loading. Concrete resists compression and steel reinforcement resists tension forces. Reinforced concrete, as
REINFORCED CONCRETE – ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES Read More »
Surveying is the art to determine the relative position of object on or below the surface of the earth by measuring horizontal distance between them and prepare a map to any suitable scale. Surveying is the technique of determining the relative position of different features on, above or beneath the surface of the earth by
CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEYING Read More »
Rate analysis for cement mortar requires estimation of materials for cement mortar, i.e. quantity of cement and sand required for 1m3 for various proportions, i.e., CM 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 etc. So, let us first calculate quantity of cement and sand required for 1m3 of cement mortar. For 1m3 of wet cement mortar, 1.3m3 of
RATE ANALYSIS OF CEMENT MORTAR Read More »
Bridge failures can lead to injuries, loss of life, and property damage on a scale equal to plane crashes, terrorist attacks, and natural disasters. That’s why bridge designers, engineers, construction workers, managers, and inspectors take their jobs so seriously. 1. A combination of issues: The top reason bridges fail is a mix of factors that,
CAUSES OF BRIDGE FAILURE Read More »
Construction materials or Building materials is a material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, and wood, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many manufactured products are used, some more and some less synthetic. We have discussed the various types of construction materials used in
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS Read More »
An estimate for any construction work may be defined as the process of calculating the quantities and costs of the various items required in connection with the work. Before the start of any work for its execution, the owner of the builder should have a thorough knowledge of the volume of work. The minutest details can
GENERAL TERMS IN ESTIMATION & COSTING Read More »
The basic things you should know to calculate the volume of 1 bag of cement are: Density of cement = 1440 kg/ m³ 1 bag = 50 kg of cement 1 m³ = 35.3147 cubic feet 1 m³ = 10³ liters Let’s see how can we calculate the volume of 1 cement bag by using all
HOW TO CALCULATE VOLUME OF 50 KG CEMENT BAG Read More »
Quantity of Bricks:- Assuming:- Brick size = 9”x4.5”x3” •Thickness of wall = 9” •Thickness of mortar = 0.39” •Brick size with mortar= (9+0.39)x(4.5+0.39)x(3+0.39) = 9.39”x4.89”x3.39” • No. of bricks = Volume of Brickwork/ Volume of 1 Brick with mortar Volume of 1 Brick = (9/12)x(4.5/12)x(3/12)= 0.75’x0.375’x0.25’ = 0.070 CFT Volume of 1 Brick with mortar
CALCULATE THE QUANTITY OF BRICK CEMENT & SAND IN WALL Read More »
A disaster is defined as a sudden or great misfortune or simply any unfortunate event. More precisely, a disaster is an event whose timing is unexpected and whose consequences are seriously destructive. A disaster is a natural or man-made event that negatively affects life, property, livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes to human
MEANING AND TYPES OF DISASTER Read More »
Transportation is literally described as a means of carrying people as well as goods and animals from one location to another. It has been in existence since the earliest times when wooden carts and animals like horses, donkeys, and bulls were used exclusively. As tines changed we saw numerous inventions taking place and the changes
IMPORTANCE & DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORTATION Read More »