PROJECT AFFECTED PERSON (PAP)-ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW
Project affected person (PAP) means the people directly affected by land acquisition for a community project through loss of part or all of their assets whether temporarily or permanently including land, houses, other structures, businesses, crops/trees or other types of assets
Categories of PAP
1) Directly affected by project
Directly affected PAPs include those whose lands and/or structures are fully or partially acquired for the project
a) owners
b) using land with no ownership like agriculture, residential tenants, labour working on lands and commercial establishments
c) possible APs without land titles or ownership rights
Tenants/sharecroppers
Landless/wage laborers
Squatters and venders
Indigenous or tribal people
Woman and especially female heads of household
2) Indirectly affected PAPs
a) loss of access to CPR and public utilities
b) host area population
Current and future projects
These are the ones, which are yet to be implemented and are at the conceptual stage
Old and executed projects
These are many projects, which are implemented with no provisions for the resettlement and rehabilitation of the project affected communities
As estimated 21.3 million people have been displaced for various projects during 1950-1990 and of this 75% are yet to be resettled
Techniques and approaches adopted of identification of PAP
1) Census based survey
2) verification of project records
3) verification of records of rights/Land records
a) superimposing the project design on the Cadastral map
b) verification of land records at field level through contacting actual owners
c) contacting village administrative officer/sarpanch etc
4) verification of electoral and public utility records
Approaches and techniques for Identification of indirectly affected PAPs
1) public/village meeting
a) demography
b) occupational pattern
c) institutional arrangements and social security
d) infrastructure, resources and manpower
e) needs, problems, priority and opportunity
f) general awareness level
2) Walkover survey
This exercise will provide information about
a) land use pattern
b) cropping pattern
c) soil and tree species
d) potential for area development
3) Social mapping
Purposes of social mapping are
a) to gain an understanding of the physical layout of the village and spatial distribution of social groups
b) to understand access of different social groups to infrastructure and basic services
c) to gathet information on village demography, land distribution pattern among various social and economical groups, occupational pattern, quality of human resources, infrastructure facilities available and required
d) to mobilise the community for participatory planning
4) Resource mapping
a) nature/types of resources available and used in the village
b) ownership pattern of the resources
c) infrastructure available to use the resources
d) implication for planning
Cadastral Map
A map showing property boundaries, subdivision lines, building and related details
Demography
The statistical study of human populations with reference to size and density, distribution and vital statistics
Resettlement and rehabilitation of PAP
Formulating a comprehensive R&R plan in consultation with stakeholdes including PAPs and the respective district administration
R&R package for PAPs comprises the following
1) compensation for land, houses, shops and other properties etc
2) homestead land
3) transportation charges for household items, cattle etc
4) construction of house
5) Solatium charges
6) financial assistance for construction of cattle shed or poultry farm
7) agricultural land depending on availability or landless grant
8) subsidy for seeds/fertlizers/land development
9) development of public health centre, school, community centre etc
10) provision of basic amenities like road, drinking water, electricity, medical etc
11) vocational training to develop entrepreneurial skills
12) preferences in allotment of shops in NHPCs shopping complex
13) special measure for scheduled tribes
14) renovation/relocation of religious structures or structures of archaeological importance
Meaning of Homestead
A house and adjoining land designated by the owner as his or her fixed residence and exempt under the homestead laws from seizure and forced sale for debts
Objectives of National R&R Policy
1) to minimize displacement and to promise, as far as possible, non-displacement or least-displacing alternatives
2) to ensure adequate rehabilitation package and expeditious implementation of the rehabilitation process with the active participation of the affected families
3) to ensure that special care is taken for protecting the rights of the weaker sections of society, especially members of SC & ST, and to create obligations on the state for their treatment with concern and sensitivity
4) to provide a better standard of living, making concerted effort for providing sustainable income to the affected families
5) to integrate rehabilitation concerns into the development, planning and implementation process
6) where displacement is on account of land acquisition, to facilitate harmonious relationship between the requiring body and affected families through mutual cooperation
Major issues for PAPs
1) resettlement increases the poverty of the tribal due to loss of land, livelihood, food, insecurity, jobs, skills
2) loss of identity of individuals
3) loss of connection between the people and the environment
Appointment of commissioner for R&R
The state government shall appoint an officer of the rank of commissioner or secretory of that government for R&R of affected families
Purpose of Resettlement
The selection and transfer of refugees from a state in which they have sought protection to a third state which has agreed to admit them as refugees with permanent residence status
Review of R&R scheme
The Collector shall review the draft scheme submitted under sub-section (6) of section 17 by the administrator with the R&R Committee at the project level under section 46(2)
R&R Policy
R&R policy are prepared after through analysis of the needs and expectations of the local population and their cultural & social aspirations
The overall objective is to ensure improvement in the standard of living of project affected families after resettlement
Compiled by
Avinash Kulkarni
Chartered Engineer, Govt Regd Valuer, IBBI Regd Valuer
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