BIGHA-UNDERSTANDING THE TRADITIONAL UNIT OF LAND MEASUREMENTS USED IN DIFFERENT STATES
A bigha is a traditional unit of land in several parts of North India.
The sale and purchase of the land (particularly agricultural land) are still done unofficially in this unit.
However, the area is recorded in hectares or square metres in official land records.
Bigha varies in size from one part of India to another.
Various states and often regions within the same state have different sizes attributed to the bigha. It is usually less than one standard acre (43,560 square feet or 4,047 square metres) but can extend up to 3 acres (1.2 hectares).
In Assam, a bigha is 14,400 square feet (1,340 m2), subdivided into 5 Katha. Each Katha consists of 20 Lessa with a Lessa covering 144 square feet (13.4 m2) in area. Hence each Katha is 2,880 square feet (268 m2) in area, although this may vary within different regions of Assam. 4 bighas together are further termed as a Pura.
In Bihar, different regions have different sizes of bigha.
Near the capital, Patna, one bigha is equivalent to 20 Katha.
1 Katha equating to 1,361 square feet (126.4 m2).
One Katha is further subdivided in 20 dhur.
Hence each dhur is approximately 68.05 square feet (6.322 m2).
One dhur is further subdivided in 20 dhurki, each dhurki being approximately 3.403 square feet (0.3161 m2).
1 decimal in Bihar equals to 435.56 sq feet.[5][6][7] 1 decimal is equal to 1/100 acre.
In some of the eastern parts of Bihar including Munger, Bhagalpur and Jamui,
one dhur is further subdivided into one square lagga (pole length).
One lagga is equivalent to 5.5 hand lengths, with each hand length being 18 inches (460 mm).
Therefore, one lagga is 99 inches or 251.46 cm.
In Himachal Pradesh,
five bigha is equal to one acre (0.0809 hectares).
In Punjab and Haryana,
2 bigha is equal to one acre,
each bigha is 4 kanaals,
each kanaal is 20 marlas,
each marla is 9 square karam,
each square karam is 30.25 sq ft (5.5 X 5.5 ft),
each karam is 5.5 feet.
In central India, bighas were standardized at 3025 yd2(2529.3 m2) or 5/8 acre (0.2529 hectare).
In Madhya Pradesh, one Katha = 600 square feet (56 m2).
In Rajasthan,
One Pucca Bigha = 27,225 sq ft and one Kaccha Bigha is equal to 1,618.7 square metres (17,424 sq ft).
In Uttar Pradesh, one bigha can mean different things to people in different districts of the state.
In the western districts of the state,
one bigha is either equal to five biswa (one biswa is 125 square metres (1,350 sq ft) or 6.75 biswa.
In the remainder of Uttar Pradesh, 1 bigha is divided into 20 biswas.
Each biswa is 125 m2 or 154.32 yd2 (hence one Bigha is 0.25 Hectare (or 2500 m2 or 3086.4 yd2 or 26909 ft2).
6 Biswa ≈1 Bigha (Kaccha)
In Uttar Pradesh East one Bigha equals to 20 Biswa(Pakka) and 10 Biswa(kaccha).
This is not used as official but on local scale in-field calculation.
In Uttar Pradesh (West)
the measurements are slightly different:
one Bigha=20 biswa
20 biswa=60 Decimal=2428.80 m2
In Uttarakhand,
1 Bigha is subdivided into 20 Bissas or 12 Nali. or 632.2981 m2.
In West Bengal one bigha means 20 kathas and one katha is 720 sq.ft.
So one bigha is 14400 sq.ft.
One katha is also subdivided by 16 chataks and one chatak is 45 sq.ft.
In West Bengal, the Bigha was standardized under British colonial rule at 1600 yd2 (0.1338 hectares or 0.3306 acre); this is often interpreted as being 1/3 acre (it is precisely 40⁄121 acre). In metric units, a bigha is hence 1333 m2.
However, in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, Bigha is not in a practical measurement unit.
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