MCQS ON ENVIRONMENT AND VALUATION IN INDIA
1. Which of the following is a primary method of valuing environmental resources in India?
A. Market pricing
B. Contingent valuation
C. Cost-benefit analysis
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
2. What does the term “Environmental Kuznets Curve” refer to?
A. The relationship between environmental quality and economic development
B. The curve showing the rate of deforestation
C. The relationship between energy consumption and GDP
D. The graphical representation of air pollution levels
Answer: A. The relationship between environmental quality and economic development
3. Which Indian act is primarily responsible for regulating environmental protection?
A. The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
B. The Forest Conservation Act, 1980
C. The Environment Protection Act, 1986
D. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Answer: C. The Environment Protection Act, 1986
4. Which of the following is an example of non-use value of environmental resources?
A. Recreational value
B. Option value
C. Existence value
D. All of the above
Answer: C. Existence value
5. What is the main purpose of the Green India Mission?
A. To increase India’s forest cover
B. To reduce carbon emissions
C. To protect endangered species
D. To promote sustainable agriculture
Answer: A. To increase India’s forest cover
6. Which technique is commonly used to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services?
A. Travel cost method
B. Hedonic pricing method
C. Contingent valuation method
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
7. What is the key feature of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol?
A. Allowing industrialized countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries
B. Promoting sustainable forestry practices
C. Implementing strict carbon taxes
D. Encouraging renewable energy adoption in industrialized countries
Answer: A. Allowing industrialized countries to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries
8. Which Indian organization is responsible for conducting environmental impact assessments (EIAs)?
A. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
B. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
C. National Green Tribunal (NGT)
D. Wildlife Institute of India
Answer: A. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
9. What does the term “biodiversity hotspot” refer to?
A. An area with high levels of biodiversity and significant conservation value
B. A region with frequent natural disasters
C. An area with high levels of air pollution
D. A location with a high number of industrial activities
Answer: A. An area with high levels of biodiversity and significant conservation value
10. Which of the following is a key component of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in India?
A. National Solar Mission
B. National Water Mission
C. National Mission for a Green India
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
11. What is the primary objective of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in India?
A. To promote industrial development
B. To handle environmental protection cases and provide quick legal remedies
C. To manage wildlife sanctuaries
D. To regulate the use of chemical fertilizers
Answer: B. To handle environmental protection cases and provide quick legal remedies
12. Which is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in India?
A. Transportation
B. Agriculture
C. Industry
D. Energy production
Answer: D. Energy production
13. Which Indian river is the focus of the Namami Gange Programme?
A. Yamuna
B. Godavari
C. Ganga
D. Narmada
Answer: C. Ganga
14. What is the purpose of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
A. To assess the economic benefits of a project
B. To predict the environmental consequences of a proposed project
C. To measure air quality
D. To promote tourism
Answer: B. To predict the environmental consequences of a proposed project
15. What is the primary focus of the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) in India?
A. To manage national parks
B. To oversee the use of biological resources and ensure fair sharing of benefits
C. To promote biotechnology research
D. To regulate pollution levels
Answer: B. To oversee the use of biological resources and ensure fair sharing of benefits
16. Which of the following is an example of a market-based instrument for environmental management?
A. Environmental regulations
B. Pollution taxes
C. Community awareness programs
D. Government subsidies
Answer: B. Pollution taxes
17. Which of the following states in India has the largest forest cover?
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Arunachal Pradesh
C. Chhattisgarh
D. Maharashtra
Answer: A. Madhya Pradesh
18. What does the term “carbon footprint” refer to?
A. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions for which an individual or organization is responsible
B. The total area of forests required to absorb carbon dioxide
C. The rate of carbon absorption by oceans
D. The level of air pollution in a city
Answer: A. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions for which an individual or organization is responsible
19. Which Indian initiative focuses on sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture?
A. Green India Mission
B. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
C. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
D. Soil Health Card Scheme
Answer: C. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
20. What is the main goal of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) notification in India?
A. To promote tourism in coastal areas
B. To regulate development activities and protect coastal ecosystems
C. To increase fish production
D. To enhance coastal transportation
Answer: B. To regulate development activities and protect coastal ecosystems
21. Which of the following renewable energy sources has the highest installed capacity in India?
A. Solar power
B. Wind power
C. Hydropower
D. Biomass
Answer: B. Wind power
22. What is the key focus of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)?
A. Reducing air pollution
B. Promoting waste management and sanitation
C. Increasing renewable energy use
D. Enhancing forest conservation
Answer: B. Promoting waste management and sanitation
23. Which act in India focuses on controlling water pollution?
A. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
B. Forest Conservation Act, 1980
C. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
D. Environment Protection Act, 1986
Answer: C. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
24. Which organization in India is responsible for wildlife conservation and management?
A. National Green Tribunal
B. Central Pollution Control Board
C. Wildlife Institute of India
D. Ministry of Power
Answer: C. Wildlife Institute of India
25. What is the main purpose of the Paris Agreement on climate change?
A. To eliminate all greenhouse gas emissions by 2025
B. To limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius
C. To promote nuclear energy
D. To increase global trade
Answer: B. To limit global temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius
26. What does the term “ecological footprint” refer to?
A. The impact of human activities on marine life
B. The measure of how much land and water area a human population requires
C. The number of endangered species in an area
D. The total forest area in a country
Answer: B. The measure of how much land and water area a human population requires
27. Which Indian state is known for its high biodiversity and is part of the Eastern Himalayas biodiversity hotspot?
A. Gujarat
B. Tamil Nadu
C. West Bengal
D. Sikkim
Answer: D. Sikkim
28. What is the primary focus of the National Air Quality Index (AQI) in India?
A. Monitoring soil health
B. Measuring air pollution levels
C. Assessing water quality
D. Evaluating forest cover
Answer: B. Measuring air pollution levels
29. Which Indian initiative aims to develop smart and sustainable cities?
A. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
B. Make in India
C. Smart Cities Mission
D. Digital India
Answer: C. Smart Cities Mission
30. What does the term “sustainable development” mean?
A. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
B. Rapid industrial growth
C. Development with no regard to environmental impact
D. Economic development focused solely on urban areas
Answer: A. Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
31. Which Indian act focuses on the conservation of forests and wildlife?
A. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
B. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
C. Environment Protection Act, 1986
D. Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Answer: A. Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
32. What is the main objective of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)?
A. To promote nuclear energy
B. To increase coal production
C. To outline strategies for sustainable development and climate adaptation
D. To enhance road infrastructure
Answer: C. To outline strategies for sustainable development and climate adaptation
33. Which of the following is a benefit of mangrove forests?
A. They provide timber for construction
B. They protect coastal areas from erosion and storm surges
C. They are a major source of fresh water
D. They are a primary site for urban development
Answer: B. They protect coastal areas from erosion and storm surges
34. What is the primary focus of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in India?
A. Providing solar panels to households
B. Providing LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) families
C. Promoting electric vehicles
D. Increasing the forest cover
Answer: B. Providing LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) families
35. What is the primary purpose of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
A. To regulate international trade
B. To conserve biological diversity and ensure sustainable use of its components
C. To promote tourism
D. To develop urban infrastructure
Answer: B. To conserve biological diversity and ensure sustainable use of its components
36. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?
A. Solar energy
B. Wind energy
C. Coal
D. Biomass
Answer: C. Coal
37. What is the primary focus of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG)?
A. Developing hydroelectric power
B. Cleaning and rejuvenating the Ganga River
C. Promoting tourism along the Ganga River
D. Constructing dams along the Ganga River
Answer: B. Cleaning and rejuvenating the Ganga River
38. What does the term “greenhouse effect” refer to?
A. The trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere
B. The increase in forest cover due to conservation efforts
C. The cooling of Earth’s surface
D. The reflection of solar radiation by the ocean
Answer: A. The trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere
39. Which Indian initiative aims at increasing the use of electric vehicles?
A. Green India Mission
B. Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME)
C. National Solar Mission
D. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Answer: B. Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME)
40. What is the main goal of the International Solar Alliance (ISA)?
A. To reduce the use of fossil fuels
B. To promote solar energy deployment in member countries
C. To develop nuclear energy
D. To enhance wind energy production
Answer: B. To promote solar energy deployment in member countries
41. Which of the following is a major consequence of deforestation?
A. Increased biodiversity
B. Soil erosion
C. Improved air quality
D. Enhanced agricultural productivity
Answer: B. Soil erosion
42. What is the primary focus of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in India?
A. Promoting industrial development
B. Regulating and ensuring environmental protection and conservation
C. Developing road infrastructure
D. Enhancing urbanization
Answer: B. Regulating and ensuring environmental protection and conservation
43. Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service?
A. Timber production
B. Pollination of crops by bees
C. Mineral extraction
D. Urban development
Answer: B. Pollination of crops by bees
44. What is the main purpose of the Kyoto Protocol?
A. To eliminate the use of plastic
B. To set legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries
C. To promote renewable energy in developing countries
D. To enhance global trade
Answer: B. To set legally binding emission reduction targets for developed countries
45. Which of the following is a major cause of air pollution in Indian cities?
A. Industrial emissions
B. Agricultural activities
C. Forest conservation
D. Increased rainfall
Answer: A. Industrial emissions
46. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to?
A. The total number of species in an area
B. The variety of life forms in an ecosystem
C. The level of pollution in a region
D. The genetic uniformity of a population
Answer: B. The variety of life forms in an ecosystem
47. Which Indian initiative focuses on reducing plastic waste?
A. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
B. National Solar Mission
C. Make in India
D. Green India Mission
Answer: A. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
48. What is the main focus of the National Afforestation Programme (NAP) in India?
A. Promoting urban development
B. Enhancing road infrastructure
C. Increasing forest and tree cover
D. Developing nuclear energy
Answer: C. Increasing forest and tree cover
49. What does the term “endangered species” refer to?
A. Species that are abundant in number
B. Species that are at risk of extinction
C. Species that have been domesticated
D. Species that are used for commercial purposes
Answer: B. Species that are at risk of extinction
50. What is the primary focus of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in India?
A. Increasing the use of coal
B. Improving air quality in cities
C. Promoting industrial growth
D. Enhancing water quality
Answer: B. Improving air quality in cities
