ENSURING WORKPLACE SAFETY: SALIENT FEATURES OF THE FACTORY ACT, 1948

The Factory Act, 1948, is a significant legislation in India aimed at ensuring workplace safety and welfare of workers. Here are some key points regarding its salient features:

1. Objective: The primary objective of the Factory Act, 1948, is to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of workers employed in factories.

2. Applicability: The Act applies to all factories, including those owned by the government, engaged in manufacturing processes, with ten or more workers employed on any day of the preceding twelve months.

3. Registration and Licensing: Factories are required to register and obtain a license from the appropriate government authority before commencing operations. The registration process ensures compliance with safety and health regulations.

4. Health and Safety Measures: The Factory Act mandates various health and safety measures to be adopted by factories. These include cleanliness, ventilation, temperature control, proper lighting, drinking water facilities, and adequate sanitary arrangements.

5. Provisions for Workers’ Welfare: The Act includes provisions for the welfare of workers, such as canteen facilities, restrooms, creches for women workers, and first aid facilities. Employers are required to provide these amenities to ensure the well-being of their employees.

6. Working Hours and Overtime: The Act regulates the working hours of factory workers, stipulating that no adult worker shall be required or allowed to work for more than 48 hours in a week. Additionally, provisions for overtime work are specified, ensuring appropriate compensation for extra hours worked.

7. Employment of Young Persons: Special provisions are made for the employment of young persons (adolescents) in factories, including restrictions on working hours, types of work permitted, and mandatory health examinations.

8. Hazardous Processes and Substances: The Act addresses safety concerns related to hazardous processes and substances used in factories. It mandates precautions to be taken, such as the provision of protective equipment, training of workers, and regular inspections to prevent accidents and occupational hazards.

9. Inspections and Enforcement: Government authorities are empowered to conduct inspections of factories to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Act. Non-compliance can lead to penalties, fines, or closure of the factory.

10. Amendments and Updates: Over the years, the Factory Act has undergone amendments to keep pace with changing industrial practices and emerging safety concerns. These amendments aim to enhance worker protection and promote a safe working environment.

The Factory Act, 1948, plays a crucial role in safeguarding the health, safety, and welfare of workers in Indian factories. Its comprehensive provisions address various aspects of workplace safety, ensuring that factories adhere to prescribed standards and regulations for the well-being of employees.